Performance Structure and Working Principle of Precision Ball Screw
In simple terms, precision ball screw is a mechanical part composed of screw, nut, ball and other parts. Due to the characteristics of small wear, high transmission efficiency and high transmission accuracy, it is widely used in various precision numerical control equipment. However, before the actual application, if "only know its basic performance, structure, principle of action, do not know its reason", it is difficult to play the original use value. So, precision ball screw and other mechanical parts of the performance, structure, principle is what kind of? Well, the following together to understand the performance structure and working principle of precision ball screw!
Basic performance of 1. precision ball screw
The performance requirements of the ball screw are very strict, mainly because of high transmission reliability, not easy to wear, and long-term trouble-free operation. In addition, the transmission is sensitive, the operation accuracy is high, and creep is not easy to occur. High transmission efficiency, stable operation, = 0.92-0.96; After the force is applied, the axial gap can be eliminated, on the contrary, there is no idle stroke. The disadvantage is that it cannot be self-locked and a balancing device is required for vertical installation.
Structure and Classification of 2. Precision Ball Screw
According to the transmission form of the ball screw, it can be divided into the rotation transmission of the screw and the rotation transmission of the nut. Screw rotation drive refers to the screw rotation, the nut is fixed on the workbench. The screw rod rotates and pushes the nut, and the nut makes the worktable reciprocate. This type of installation is generally common. Nut drive means that the screw rod is fixed, the nut is fixed on the workbench through the bearing, the servo motor rotates the nut, and the nut moves axially along the screw to drive the workbench. The transmission mode is generally used for long screw machine tools to prevent vibration and deformation caused by insufficient rigidity of the screw.
According to the structure of the ball screw nut, it can be divided into two ways: internal circulation and external circulation. The ball screw nut of the outer circulation mode is composed of a screw, a ball, an elbow and a nut. The main difference from the internal circulation method is that the two ends of the nut spiral groove are connected by an elbow, so that the ball can return from one end to the other end, thereby forming a closed circulation loop. The key to the structure of the internal circulation ball screw nut is to install a cylindrical cam type reverser in the side hole of the nut. The reverser is milled with an S-shaped ball reverse groove to connect two adjacent screw tracks. The ball enters the inverter from the threaded track, and the ball crosses the thread tooth top into the adjacent track through the inverter to achieve circulation.
The working principle of 3. precision ball screw
The inner recirculating ball screw works similarly. The outer circulating ball screw is composed of thread, ball, ball back and nut. The screw and the nut are respectively machined with arc-shaped spiral grooves. When they are placed, a spiral track is formed, and the track is filled with balls. When the screw rotates with respect to the nut, the rotating surface of the screw moves in the axial direction of the nut via the ball, and the ball rolls along the spiral track, and the sliding friction between the screw and the nut is converted into rolling friction among the ball, the screw, and the nut. The ball is returned from one end to the other through the return pipe.
The above is the performance structure and working principle of precision ball screw. If you need to know more, please feel free to contact us!
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2024-01-02
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